Web cookies (also called HTTP cookies, browser cookies, or simply cookies) are small pieces of data that websites store on your device (computer, phone, etc.) through your web browser. They are used to remember information about you and your interactions with the site.
Purpose of Cookies:
Session Management:
Keeping you logged in
Remembering items in a shopping cart
Saving language or theme preferences
Personalization:
Tailoring content or ads based on your previous activity
Tracking & Analytics:
Monitoring browsing behavior for analytics or marketing purposes
Types of Cookies:
Session Cookies:
Temporary; deleted when you close your browser
Used for things like keeping you logged in during a single session
Persistent Cookies:
Stored on your device until they expire or are manually deleted
Used for remembering login credentials, settings, etc.
First-Party Cookies:
Set by the website you're visiting directly
Third-Party Cookies:
Set by other domains (usually advertisers) embedded in the website
Commonly used for tracking across multiple sites
Authentication cookies are a special type of web cookie used to identify and verify a user after they log in to a website or web application.
What They Do:
Once you log in to a site, the server creates an authentication cookie and sends it to your browser. This cookie:
Proves to the website that you're logged in
Prevents you from having to log in again on every page you visit
Can persist across sessions if you select "Remember me"
What's Inside an Authentication Cookie?
Typically, it contains:
A unique session ID (not your actual password)
Optional metadata (e.g., expiration time, security flags)
Analytics cookies are cookies used to collect data about how visitors interact with a website. Their primary purpose is to help website owners understand and improve user experience by analyzing things like:
How users navigate the site
Which pages are most/least visited
How long users stay on each page
What device, browser, or location the user is from
What They Track:
Some examples of data analytics cookies may collect:
Page views and time spent on pages
Click paths (how users move from page to page)
Bounce rate (users who leave without interacting)
User demographics (location, language, device)
Referring websites (how users arrived at the site)
Here’s how you can disable cookies in common browsers:
1. Google Chrome
Open Chrome and click the three vertical dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies and other site data.
Choose your preferred option:
Block all cookies (not recommended, can break most websites).
Block third-party cookies (can block ads and tracking cookies).
2. Mozilla Firefox
Open Firefox and click the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy & Security.
Under the Enhanced Tracking Protection section, choose Strict to block most cookies or Custom to manually choose which cookies to block.
3. Safari
Open Safari and click Safari in the top-left corner of the screen.
Go to Preferences > Privacy.
Check Block all cookies to stop all cookies, or select options to block third-party cookies.
4. Microsoft Edge
Open Edge and click the three horizontal dots in the top-right corner.
Go to Settings > Privacy, search, and services > Cookies and site permissions.
Select your cookie settings from there, including blocking all cookies or blocking third-party cookies.
5. On Mobile (iOS/Android)
For Safari on iOS: Go to Settings > Safari > Privacy & Security > Block All Cookies.
For Chrome on Android: Open the app, tap the three dots, go to Settings > Privacy and security > Cookies.
Be Aware:
Disabling cookies can make your online experience more difficult. Some websites may not load properly, or you may be logged out frequently. Also, certain features may not work as expected.
Explored whether humans show physiological and behavioral signs of conditioned fear in a virtual reality task when it is paired with an aversive stimulus
Investigated how general exercise habits contributes to hippocampal-dependent memory
Measured how general stress and anxiety levels affect sex differences on spatial and verbal memory tasks
Assessed how induced stress and anxiety impact the relationship between estradiol and hippocampal-dependent spatial memory performance in women
Examined how nicotine users differ behavioral and physiologically than non-nicotine users in subjective ratings of stimuli, impulsivity, and the ability to balance potential for reward versus loss
Examined how varying levels of estradiol and hormonal contraceptive use effected spatial memory performance in females on a virtual tasks
Investigated how participants with schizotypal personality performed on hippocampal-dependent memory tasks
Examined the effects of curcumin consumption on various spatial memory tasks
Assessed the impact of internet addictions on conditioning to a virtual environment using virtual rewards
Examined the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, normal aging, and schizophrenia on driving behavior using a virtual driving simulator
Investigated fMRI correlates of memory, error monitoring, and emotion in Individuals with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Ran an fMRI examination of memory processes disturbed in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease or Schizophrenia
Conducted an Independent Components Analysis (ICA) of fMRI data relating to spatial orientation and navigation
Investigated hippocampal function in people with schizophrenia using fMRI
Ran depth electrode recording of EEG in patients with epilepsy during virtual navigation
Conducted microdialysis on glutamate concentrations in patients with epilepsy during virtual navigation
Examined of the effects of THC and/or alcohol on virtual navigation
Completed an fMRI examination of the role of the hippocampus in associative memory
Examined of the effects of estrogen therapy on virtual navigation and cognition
Investigated the effects of chemotherapy on spatial memory and cognition
Tested the effects of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder on hippocampal-dependent learning and memory
Trained monkeys to navigate through virtual mazes and environments